19th Century Continuation 2 1835: Manufacturing of paper cartridges with brass head for break open breach loaders, by gunsmith C. Lefaucheux in Paris. 1836: Nikolaus von Dreyse combines the needle ignition system with the breach loading action. 1838: Most weapons factories carried out conversions from flintlocks to percussion locks by enlarging and threading the touch hole to install a bolster for the nipple. 1841: Dreyse delivers 60,000 Dreyse needle ignition rifles to the Prussian army. 1845: The American dentist E. Maynard, is granted the patent for ignition pellet strips for the use in percussion firearms. When setting the hammer, the ignition pellet strip is automatically moved forward over the ignition nipple. 1846: Invention of gun cotton, by the professors Schönbein in Basel, Switzerland and Böttcher in Frankfurt, Germany. Clean and dry cotton is put for 15 minutes in a bath of 100 parts of nitric acid and 79 parts of sulfuric acid by weight. It is then wrung, pressed and rinsed until blue litmus paper does not turn red anymore. Gun cotton was apparently ideal for shooting.